High-Speed Railway Network and Hybrid Communication Systems 
Adi Koruni and Ivaylo Topalov
International Journal of Web Applications , Vol. 15, No. 2, 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6025/ijwa/2023/15/2/51-57
Link: https://www.dline.info/ijwa/fulltext/v15n2/ijwav15n2_3.pdf
Abstract:
The high-speed railways contribute enormously to the development of socio-economic societies. The hybrid communication system and the traditional rail are needed to provide safety, real-time data and manage heavy traffic. Recently the 4G and 5G broadband systems handle more data transfer rates for which the Global System for Mobile Communication is used. This process requires long-term evolution and upgrading of train dispatchers. The driver terminal with LTE and R functions is required. The functionalities of broadband wireless access for train radio are described.