Journal of Electronic Systems Yi Feng, Zhijiang Lan 14 4 2024 https://doi.org/10.6025/jes/2024/14/4/139-145 https://www.dline.info/jes/fulltext/v14n4/jesv14n4_4.pdf High-speed railways, as crucial transportation tools, are characterized by high efficiency, safety, and eco-friendliness, making them an ideal mode of transportation. However, we face increasing energy consumption pressures to achieve better transport services. This paper employs factor analysis to explore improving high-speed railway transport services by adopting resource-saving principles. Railway carrying capacity construction is investigated to better understand its structural features and development trends. Various methods, such as data cleaning, filling, and normalization, are used to obtain more accurate results. Through in-depth analysis, we identify several factors closely related to energy utilization, including train operation speed, urban rail planning, and energy-saving technologies. These measures improve the economic benefits of high-speed railways and contribute to sustainable social development. However, challenges arising from these efforts should be noticed. By combining factor analysis with optimization techniques, reducing energy consumption enhances the railway’s cargo-carrying capacity and ensures its longterm sustainability. Future scientific and technological advancements will further explore and apply this approach.