Smart IoT Technologies for Environmental and Water Resource Monitoring: A Structured Review
Ricardo RodrÃƒÂ­guez Jorge
Journal of E-Technology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2026.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6025/jet/2026/17/2/80-96
Link: https://www.dline.info/jet/fulltext/v17n2/jetv17n2_3.pdf
Abstract:
Smart IoT technologies have emerged as transformative innovations for advancing sustainability through
real-time monitoring and control of environmental systems. This structured review examines the application
of IoT across urban infrastructure, water resource management, and smart buildings. The study highlights
how integrated sensors, communication networks, and data analytics enhance operational efficiency in
energy, waste, and water sectors. Specifically, it explores IoT-based water monitoring systems, detailing
architectures for leak detection, quality assessment, and consumption management. A four-layer conceptual
architecture comprising sensing, communication, data processing, and application layers is proposed to
structure these systems. Despite significant advancements, the review identifies critical challenges hindering
widespread deployment, including data security, scalability, interoperability, and high implementation
costs. Comparative analyses of existing literature reveal gaps in multi-sensor integration and energy efficiency.
The paper concludes that while IoT-driven systems offer immense potential for sustainable resource
management and smart city development, realizing this potential requires overcoming technical
fragmentation. Future research must focus on developing scalable, secure, and interoperable ecosystems
through cross-sector collaboration. This synthesis provides a roadmap for advancing IoT-driven
environmental monitoring to support sustainable urban governance. Additionally, the review emphasizes
incorporating emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain to enhance system
performance. By addressing current limitations in sensor integration and data management, stakeholders
can optimize resource utilization. Ultimately, this paper underscores the critical role of IoT in achieving
sustainable urban development through intelligent, data-driven environmental monitoring solutions.