Abstract IEEE 802.15.6 supports two hops extended star topology. The multi-hop (two hop) topology is especially useful for extremely low power in-body and around-body implanted devices that can decrease energy consumption by transmitting to hub through near-by relayed node(s). IEEE 802.15.6 defines the message exchange necessary for the announcement and selection of relaying node. However, the standard does not define the... IEEE 802.15.6 supports two hops extended star topology. The multi-hop (two hop) topology is especially useful for extremely low power in-body and around-body implanted devices that can decrease energy consumption by transmitting to hub through near-by relayed node(s). IEEE 802.15.6 defines the message exchange necessary for the announcement and selection of relaying node. However, the standard does not define the metrics based on which the relayed node should select the relaying nodes. In this paper we propose a relaying node selection mechanism that uses packet drop, packet service time and packet retries as the basic metrics. Also, another novelty of this work is that the decision of node selection is made by the relayed node based on the feedback provided by relaying node. On the other hand, IEEE 802.15.6 suggests that the decision should be made by relayed node without the involvement of relaying nodes. The experimental analysis reveals that the relaying node selection based on the feedback of different metrics results in better throughput and low latency of communication. Read More Read Less

Abstract Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a low power sensor network that operates in a close vicinity of human body. The network typically expands over the entire human body in which bio sensors are connected with a central controller (Hub) through a wireless communication channel with the purpose to monitor healthcare application in particular. IEEE 802.15.6 is specifically released for... Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a low power sensor network that operates in a close vicinity of human body. The network typically expands over the entire human body in which bio sensors are connected with a central controller (Hub) through a wireless communication channel with the purpose to monitor healthcare application in particular. IEEE 802.15.6 is specifically released for WBAN to support the wireless communication for human proximity. IEEE 802.15.6 MAC has well defined superframe structure for communication of hub and biosensors. It assigns a fixed duty cycle at the start of the superframe. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for dynamic adjustment of superframe for IEEE 802.15.6 called drop packet estimation technique. The scheme adjusts the duty cycle based on packet drops to reduce the wastage of communication channel. The simulation results show that by increasing the EAP phase time on the basis of emergency traffic, packets reception rate is increased by 10%. Read More Read Less

Abstract Following traditional payment methods using banknotes, credit and debit cards enabled significant increases in consumer spending power. The traditional way for consumer to purchase a service or an item in a shop is by presenting their –physical- credit card on a point of sale (POS) device, which is called as Card Present (CP) transaction. Motivated by the growth of Internet... Following traditional payment methods using banknotes, credit and debit cards enabled significant increases in consumer spending power. The traditional way for consumer to purchase a service or an item in a shop is by presenting their –physical- credit card on a point of sale (POS) device, which is called as Card Present (CP) transaction. Motivated by the growth of Internet and Smartphones, e-commerce became a reasonable alternative for timesaving purchasing activities. Significant growth in the e-commerce market has been observed through the world especially in the recent years. Remote transactions where the customer does not physically present her credit or debit card during payment are termed Card Not Present (CNP) transactions. CNP includes mail order, telephone and internet transactions. The main advantage of CNP transaction is easying the customer’s shopping experience, since the customer can buy anytime and anywhere without the need to physically present the payment card. In order to maximize the efficiency of CNP transactions, a payment facilitator is needed to sponsor retailers. It frees retailers from the need to perform the administrative procedures necessary with the acquirer. The aim of this research study is to identify the challenges and risks to developing a secure methodology to provide secure CNP-based transactions with a payment facilitator. We analyse and use the requirements imposed by regulators, identify detailed security requirements for a mobile payment system, and develop a roadmap for developing a secure methodology for mobile payment transactions. Read More Read Less