The Scientific and Technical Clusters in the World Economy
Abduvaliev Abdulaziz Abduvalievich
Journal of Science and Technology Metrics, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6025/stm/2023/4/2/57-66
Link: https://www.dline.info/jstm/fulltext/v4n2/jstmv4n2_2.pdf
Abstract:
Annotation: Forming a policy for the scientific and innovative development of the national economy requires an in-depth analysis of development trends in this area, in which Scientific and Technical Clusters (starting now referred to as STCs) play a significant role. The experience of leading countries in patenting and publishing activity, based on the identification of scientific and technological progress, will serve as an example for countries seeking to achieve progress in this area. 

Purpose of the study: The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of organizing innovative processes in the aspect of scientific and technical technology, identifying factors and drivers for the development of regional scientific and technological complexes in the global economy, and determining the competitive advantages of leading countries in filing patent applications and publishing activity.

Data and methods: Based on the cluster approach used in the methodology of the Global Innovation Index (hereinafter referred to as the GII), the study conducted a comparative analysis of annually published data and GII indicators in the field of patent and publication activity.

Results: An analysis of the development of regional scientific and technical technology in the global economy made it possible to identify 20 main scientific areas of scientific and technical technology, the leading positions in which are occupied by medical, digital, and computer technologies, as well as pharmaceuticals.

As a result of the analysis of patent and publication activity, the leading countries in the STC ranking were identified: the USA, Japan, Germany, and China. Despite the fact that these countries maintained their leadership during the period under review (2017â€“2021), a decrease in their share (except China) in the total number of analyzed indicators was revealed. 

Conclusions: The possibility of a countryâ€™s participation in the STC GII ranking is determined by the quality of the fundamental and applied research conducted, which is evidenced in particular by the level of publishing and patenting activity of the scientific community. To be included in the STC ranking, the state needs to formulate a scientific and technological policy that would contribute to both improving the quality of research and development and the growth of key performance indicators (the number of patent applications and publication activity).