Fourth International Conference on Science & Technology Metrics (STMet 2023): Proceedings
BITS Pilani, Dubai, UAE. November 16-17, 2023
The Scientific and Technical Clusters in the World Economy
Abduvaliev Abdulaziz Abduvalievich The University of World Economy and Diplomacy Uzbekistan
Abstract: Annotation: Forming a policy for the scientific and innovative development of the national economy requires an in-depth analysis of development trends in this area, in which Scientific and Technical Clusters (now referred to as STCs) play a significant role. The experience of leading countries in patenting and publishing activity, based on the identification of scientific and technological progress, will serve as an example for countries seeking to achieve progress in this area. Purpose of the study: The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of organizing innovative processes in the aspect of scientific and technical technology, identifying factors and drivers for the development of regional scientific and technological complexes in the global economy, and determining the competitive advantages of leading countries in filing patent applications and publishing activity. Data and methods: Based on the cluster approach used in the methodology of the Global Innovation Index (hereinafter referred to as the GII), the study conducted a comparative analysis of annually published data and GII indicators in the field of patent and publication activity.
Results: An analysis of the development of regional scientific and technical technology in the global economy made it possible to identify 20 main scientific areas of scientific and technical technology, the leading positions in which are occupied by medical, digital, and computer technologies, as well as pharmaceuticals.
As a result of the analysis of patent and publication activity, the leading countries in the STC ranking were identified: the USA, Japan, Germany, and China. Despite the fact that these countries maintained their leadership during the period under review (2017–2021), a decrease in their share (except China) in the total number of analyzed indicators was revealed. Conclusions: The possibility of a country’s participation in the STC GII ranking is determined by the quality of the fundamental and applied research conducted, which is evidenced in particular by the level of publishing and patenting activity of the scientific community. To be included in the STC ranking, the state needs to formulate a scientific and technological policy that would contribute to both improving the quality of research and development and the growth of key performance indicators (the number of patent applications and publication activity).
Keywords: Scientific and Technical Cluster, Global Innovation Index, Rating, Patent, Scientific Publication, Publication Activity, Competitiveness. The Scientific and Technical Clusters in the World Economy
Allen, J. A. (1966). Scientific innovation and industrial prosperity. London: Longman, 384.
Altenburg, T., Meyer-Stamer, J. (1999) How to promote clusters: policy experiences from Latin America. World Development, 27(9), 1693–1713. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00081-9
Audretsch, D. B. (1995). Innovation and Industry Evolution. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 224.
Audretsch, D. B., Feldman, P. (1996). Innovative clusters and the industry life cycle. Review of industrial organization, 11, 253–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157670
Bergquist, K., Fink, C., Raffo, J. (2017). Identifying and ranking the world’s largest clusters of inventive activity. In Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., Wunsch-Vincent, S. (Eds.). Global Innovation Index 2017: Innovation feeding the world (pp. 161–209). Retrieved from: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2017.pdf
Cabral, L. (2000). Introduction to industrial organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 354.
Cherkasova, T. P., Ignatova, T. V. (2020). 21 Innovation and educational clusters as an alternative model of scientific and technical growth of the regional economy. In Popkova, E. G., Alpidovskaya, M. (Eds). Human and technological progress towards the socio-economic paradigm of the future (pp. 207–216). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110692082-021
Church, J., Ware, R. (2000). Industrial organization. A strategic approach. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 926.
Harman, A. J. (1971). The international computer industry. Innovation and comparative advantage. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 181.
Napolskikh, D. L. (2019). Substantiation of innovative scenario for regional development on the basis of clustering. In Soliman, Kh. S. (Ed.). Vision 2025: Education excellence and management of innovations through sustainable economic competitive advantage. Proceedings of the 34th international business information management association conference (IBIMA). Madrid, 1903–
Petrou, A. (2014). Economic efficiency. In Michalos, A. C. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (1793–1794). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_818
Preissl, B. (2003). Innovation clusters: combining physical and virtual links. DIW discussion papers, 359. Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW). Retrieved from: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/18119/1/dp359.pdf
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business cycles: A theoretical, historical, and statistical analysis of the capitalist process. New York, Toronto, London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 461.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Harper & Row, 381.
Voyer, R. (1998). Knowledge-based industrial clustering: international comparisons. In de La Mothe, J., Paquet, G. (Eds), Local and Regional Systems of Innovation. Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation, 14 (81–110). Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5551-3_5
