Design and Development of 3D Printing Machines for Fabrication
Wang Jing,  Li Fei
Transactions on Machine Design, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2026.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6025/tmd/2026/14/1/23-34
Link: https://www.dline.info/tmd/fulltext/v14n1/tmdv14n1_3.pdf
Abstract:
The paper presents a mechanical engineering focused analysis of 3D printing machine design, emphasizing
structural integrity, motion control, extrusion mechanics, and thermal regulation. It outlines the core mechanical
subsystems structural frame, motion transmission, printing head, material feeding, and build platform
and discusses their roles in ensuring print accuracy and reliability. Key design considerations include minimizing
frame deflection, optimizing motion kinematics to reduce vibration, and maintaining consistent extrusion
flow and temperature. The paper contrasts early, low cost FDM printer designs with modern advancements,
highlighting innovations such as multi material compatibility, integrated 3D scanning, and parameter
optimization for improved print quality. It also addresses common mechanical failure modes such as
layer shifting, nozzle clogging, warping, and vibration and proposes engineering solutions, including closed
loop control, reinforced frames, and heated chambers. Looking ahead, the paper identifies emerging trends:
hybrid CNCâ€“AM systems, real time force and temperature feedback, lightweight composite frames, and
multi axis (5-DOF) printing for complex geometries. In conclusion, the authors assert that refined mechanical
design is critical to expanding 3D printingâ€™s industrial applicability, particularly by achieving high precision,
material versatility, and reliability for end use part production. Despite current challenges in stability and
surface quality, ongoing innovations in machine architecture and control systems are positioned to drive
the future evolution of additive manufacturing.