Abstract We develop an algebraic model for establishing a relationship between ‘s’, the type of sentences, and ‘n’, the type of names. Using these two basic categories of Generalized Categorial grammar, we develop other categories for any given expression. This would afford a ready tool to identify a sentence in an expression and determine an expression that cannot be classified as a sentence, i.e.,... We develop an algebraic model for establishing a relationship between ‘s’, the type of sentences, and ‘n’, the type of names. Using these two basic categories of Generalized Categorial grammar, we develop other categories for any given expression. This would afford a ready tool to identify a sentence in an expression and determine an expression that cannot be classified as a sentence, i.e., non-sentence. Read More Read Less

Abstract This article explores empirically how Arabic speakers produce referring expressions in their native and nonnative languages. Twenty six native Arabic speakers, who were also fluent in English, took part in the empirical study. Participants were presented with objects in visual domains and they were asked to describe the (marked) target object by typing a description which can uniquely identify the target to their... This article explores empirically how Arabic speakers produce referring expressions in their native and nonnative languages. Twenty six native Arabic speakers, who were also fluent in English, took part in the empirical study. Participants were presented with objects in visual domains and they were asked to describe the (marked) target object by typing a description which can uniquely identify the target to their addressee. The data reveal that there are no significant differences between referring expressions produced in native and non-native languages. Read More Read Less

Abstract Sentiment analysis is a process to determine the view on targeted keyword from the internet which is unknown for the users. Users are the customers who share their sentiments on Social Network sites and it make a valuable platform for tracking and analyzing the public sentiments. Tracking and analyzing the sentiments need to extract the sentiments from the internet and there is one... Sentiment analysis is a process to determine the view on targeted keyword from the internet which is unknown for the users. Users are the customers who share their sentiments on Social Network sites and it make a valuable platform for tracking and analyzing the public sentiments. Tracking and analyzing the sentiments need to extract the sentiments from the internet and there is one site i.e. Twitter. It is a micro blogging site that allows people to share their opinions in 140 characters only. So, mining can easily be done. In this work, we use Twitter for extracting tweets using TF*IDF algorithm and without using any special software we would apply the labeling technique for finding the polarity on tweets viz. positive, negative or neutral. Read More Read Less

Abstract Forums are structured environments that facilitate discussion around shared interests such as technology, sports, pet ownership, cooking techniques, etc. There are numerous forums for nearly every niche topic. Forums consist of threads, where each thread consists of an original post and responses to it. Subsets of original posts are queries related to the forum’s topic. The responses to these posts... Forums are structured environments that facilitate discussion around shared interests such as technology, sports, pet ownership, cooking techniques, etc. There are numerous forums for nearly every niche topic. Forums consist of threads, where each thread consists of an original post and responses to it. Subsets of original posts are queries related to the forum’s topic. The responses to these posts are mostly expert answers due to the niche nature of the forum. However, not all responses will be answers. Users can write anything in their response post. Therefore, the aim of our project is separate and sort the responses based on whether it answers the original post or not. Hence we will study the different methods that can be used for this purpose and use the best suitable method. Read More Read Less