Abstract Across countries traffic is the main concern for people who commute, and systems are being introduced to ease the traffic. There are many complexities involved in solving the issues. Many solutions are advocated, such as traffic interconnections, national economy, capital investments, infrastructure, traffic technology improvement and limiting non-renewable energy sources. Traffic policies that include both macro and microsystems are available.... Across countries traffic is the main concern for people who commute, and systems are being introduced to ease the traffic. There are many complexities involved in solving the issues. Many solutions are advocated, such as traffic interconnections, national economy, capital investments, infrastructure, traffic technology improvement and limiting non-renewable energy sources. Traffic policies that include both macro and microsystems are available. The major development is the transport sector's electric vehicles, which is more challenging. To reduce the distribution overload the charging systems should be made more effective. A cluster of more charging points and the charging speed is required in highly densely populated regions. Hence, effective solutions to reduce the additional investment requirements are indicated in networks. The solutions that will reduce the negative effects on the electrical grid caused by electric vehicles and devices for their charging. The work has addressed electric mobility support. The measures include encouraging the use of renewable electricity and smart charging, introducing the standard charging infrastructure, and supporting battery research. Electric mobility is a crucial measure to ensure the implementation of electric vehicles. Read More Read Less

Abstract This work has studied the acceptance of the operation of FSO communication systems with the integration of a hybrid wireless radio frequency system. The system efficiency is tested with many experiments depending on the meteorological conditions. This paper has outlined an algorithm for switching the constitutive systems, depending on the specific meteorological condition. It is based on the received power... This work has studied the acceptance of the operation of FSO communication systems with the integration of a hybrid wireless radio frequency system. The system efficiency is tested with many experiments depending on the meteorological conditions. This paper has outlined an algorithm for switching the constitutive systems, depending on the specific meteorological condition. It is based on the received power of each subsystem (FSO and RF) of the hybrid FSO/RF communication system. Read More Read Less

Abstract The probe-coupled cylindrical microwave cavity with plan parallel and dielectric layers is analyzed. We discuss testing a compact wire model used in the 3D TLM cylindrical mesh for analysing the dielectric layers. The wire structures parameter measures help the implementation of the compact wire model. The conditions include the cross-section variables of the TLM nodes where the wire conductor passes... The probe-coupled cylindrical microwave cavity with plan parallel and dielectric layers is analyzed. We discuss testing a compact wire model used in the 3D TLM cylindrical mesh for analysing the dielectric layers. The wire structures parameter measures help the implementation of the compact wire model. The conditions include the cross-section variables of the TLM nodes where the wire conductor passes in the cylindrical grid with a wire path. Implementing the compact wire model into a cylindrical TLM mesh is based on the calculation of wire structure parameters. The results are obtained and compared with plan parallel dielectric permittivity studies. For testing the TLM-based approach for characterization of a cylindrical metallic cavity loaded. Read More Read Less