Abstract In Indonesia, the percentage of application downloaded is the second highest in South East Asia after Philippines, but the usage frequency is the lowest (40 minutes) among other countries. In Malaysia, the percentage of application downloaded is the lowest among comparing countries, but the usage frequency is the highest (66 minutes) among other countries. It is important to increase the usage of the... In Indonesia, the percentage of application downloaded is the second highest in South East Asia after Philippines, but the usage frequency is the lowest (40 minutes) among other countries. In Malaysia, the percentage of application downloaded is the lowest among comparing countries, but the usage frequency is the highest (66 minutes) among other countries. It is important to increase the usage of the application especially in Indonesia which is considered still low compare to Malaysia. In order to increase the usage, factors that influence the behavioral intention and use behavior of people to use the application is important to identify. The objective of this research are to identify and compare factors that affect the behavioral intention and usage behaviour toward instant messenger applications of Indonesians and Malaysian Customers. To acheive the objectives this research had done literature review of published articles which are mainly from international journal and interview and focus group dicussion in several cities in Indonesia with 97 customers and in Malaysia with 36 customers. The result of this process suggest that there are two new variables that should be added to the original UTAUT2 model, namely: interoperability and mobile friendlyness. Thus, this study proposed Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating condition, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, Mobile Friendlyness, and Interoperability as dependent variables which will infuence the behavioural intention and use behavior of customers in Indonesia and Malaysia toward instant messenger applications. Age and gender as moderating variables. Read More Read Less

Abstract The increased communication speed has tremendously increased the usage of the internet and number of users. All the businesses are looking forward to build a presence in online arena through e-commerce websites. Usability of a website is the level of satisfaction and comfort that assures the acceptance by the users and attract maximum number of customers. As the internet is global market, customers... The increased communication speed has tremendously increased the usage of the internet and number of users. All the businesses are looking forward to build a presence in online arena through e-commerce websites. Usability of a website is the level of satisfaction and comfort that assures the acceptance by the users and attract maximum number of customers. As the internet is global market, customers of e-commerce websites belong to different regions and cultures. Every culture has its own characteristics, values and norms. For assuring usability, culture plays an important role in user interface which is lacking in most of the e-commerce websites and mostly ignored by website designers. The purpose of this research is to evaluate objective cultural usability for e-commerce websites in Pakistan. The study will also provide guidelines to the website designers for assuring the success of e-commerce websites in e-market. Read More Read Less

Abstract In the real world scenario we come across the problem of optimization a number of times. Finding the best solution among the available set of solutions becomes mandatory. A number of numerical techniques are already present in literature which aims at optimizing the result however, they are not feasible to be used in each type of problem. Hence we are tending towards evolutionary... In the real world scenario we come across the problem of optimization a number of times. Finding the best solution among the available set of solutions becomes mandatory. A number of numerical techniques are already present in literature which aims at optimizing the result however, they are not feasible to be used in each type of problem. Hence we are tending towards evolutionary algorithms which are more powerful tools to fetch the best results without using any set formulae. A Number of algorithms are already available in literature however they have a problem of getting stuck in local minima or their time of convergence is too high. In this paper I have implemented Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm (BSA). BSA uses two set of populations i.e. old and new which prevents it from getting stuck into local minima. Its selection, crossover and mutation processes are different from the other methods and it yields the most optimized solution in lesser time. The claim is supported by the results of its comparison with different techniques and BSA is proved to give better results and in lesser time. Read More Read Less