Abstract At early requirements analysis, resolving conflicts and evaluating design alternatives saves time and effort in the forthcoming phases. Goal oriented approaches are preferred over other requirements engineering approaches for their capability to reason about the requirements and evaluate different solutions. We have enhanced and customized the goal driven reasoning approach for engineering Web applications. Our work is based upon a standard,... At early requirements analysis, resolving conflicts and evaluating design alternatives saves time and effort in the forthcoming phases. Goal oriented approaches are preferred over other requirements engineering approaches for their capability to reason about the requirements and evaluate different solutions. We have enhanced and customized the goal driven reasoning approach for engineering Web applications. Our work is based upon a standard, User Requirements Notation (URN) that has been enhanced by us to suit the Web applications domain and termed WebURN. For different kinds of Web applications and level of domain knowledge, a suitable reasoning approach i.e. Qualitative or Quantitative can be chosen.We have focused on qualitative reasoning methodology in this paper, wherein subjective satisfaction values and contribution values are applied for evaluating the WebGRL graphs. Comparison with other approaches yields that this qualitative approach is more precise, resolves conflicts automatically and enables choice of design alternatives. Read More Read Less

Abstract Providing QoS (Quality of Service) to mobile terminals in an all-IP environment is a very extensive research. In integrated services networks, the most of work seeking to extend RSVP to a mobile environment. In this case, the article describes a new procedure for resource reservation in the wireless environment. It is based on the application of QoS NSLP signaling [1], following the... Providing QoS (Quality of Service) to mobile terminals in an all-IP environment is a very extensive research. In integrated services networks, the most of work seeking to extend RSVP to a mobile environment. In this case, the article describes a new procedure for resource reservation in the wireless environment. It is based on the application of QoS NSLP signaling [1], following the work of the IETF NSIS (Next Steps In Signaling) WG. This is based on a reservation MSpec object that determines the future locations of the terminal which is included in a mobility profile. In this way we can improve the QoS. Read More Read Less

Abstract The complexities of poetry translation always challenges researchers in the field of NLP (National Language Processing) and MT (Machine Translation). This paper will focus on the Thai poetry type “Klonn-Pad” and aim to translate into English keeping terms of prosody. The results of translation between MT Forward and Dictionary Base Forward will be compared as well as between MT Backward and Dictionary... The complexities of poetry translation always challenges researchers in the field of NLP (National Language Processing) and MT (Machine Translation). This paper will focus on the Thai poetry type “Klonn-Pad” and aim to translate into English keeping terms of prosody. The results of translation between MT Forward and Dictionary Base Forward will be compared as well as between MT Backward and Dictionary Base Backward. BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) metric will be used to compare between reference and candidates of English results. The abbreviations are as follows, T1 (G) translated by Google API, T1 (D) translated by Dictionary Base, T3 (G) translated by Google API with Tuning and T3 (D) translated by Dictionary Base. The BLEU score of T1 (G) equaled 0.344, T1 (D) equaled 0.888, T3 (G) equaled 0.674 and T3 (D) equaled 0.889. The survey results regarding native Thai people opinions to this case study, sorted by highest score first was T3 (D), T1 (D), T3 (G), and T1 (G). Based on this study, it can be concluded that the machine translators are unable to provide good enough translation for Thai poetry compared with the dictionary base. Thus, it is necessary and reasonable that Thai poetry needs to have a special dictionary with tuning algorithms to provide better results. Moreover, another reason is that poetry may not relate completely to syntax structures. Read More Read Less