Abstract The article explores mapping patterns between XML and annotations, focusing on their roles as metadata formats in software system configurations. It discusses how XML represents external metadata while annotations are embedded within the source code. The authors identify scenarios where each format is advantageous: annotations offer simplicity and robustness, while XML provides flexibility for runtime changes and multiple configurations. They present several mapping patterns... The article explores mapping patterns between XML and annotations, focusing on their roles as metadata formats in software system configurations. It discusses how XML represents external metadata while annotations are embedded within the source code. The authors identify scenarios where each format is advantageous: annotations offer simplicity and robustness, while XML provides flexibility for runtime changes and multiple configurations. They present several mapping patterns Direct Mapping, Nested Annotations, Enumeration, Wrapper, Distribution, Target, Parent, and Mixing Point's to facilitate the translation between XML and annotations. These patterns enable developers to design configuration languages effectively, supporting interoperability between XML and annotation-based systems. The work provides practical insights into leveraging both formats based on specific configuration needs, thereby enhancing maintainability and reducing complexity in framework design. Read More Read Less

Abstract This work introduces CodeSkelGen, a scaffolding tool designed to generate Java program skeletons and buggy programs from annotated solution code provided by teachers. The tool utilizes Java annotations and an annotation processor to create variations of programming exercises, aiding novice students in focusing on problem-solving by reducing the cognitive load associated with writing complete programs from scratch. Skeleton programs provide structural guidance, while buggy... This work introduces CodeSkelGen, a scaffolding tool designed to generate Java program skeletons and buggy programs from annotated solution code provided by teachers. The tool utilizes Java annotations and an annotation processor to create variations of programming exercises, aiding novice students in focusing on problem-solving by reducing the cognitive load associated with writing complete programs from scratch. Skeleton programs provide structural guidance, while buggy programs encourage debugging and testing practices. CodeSkelGen is integrated into an educational framework called Ensemble, which organizes elearning systems for computer programming education. The generated exercises are packaged using the IMS Common Cartridge standard for reuse across platforms. By automating the generation of exercise materials, including test cases and feedback, CodeSkelGen supports efficient teaching workflows and enhances student engagement through structured practice. Read More Read Less

Abstract This paper examines the role of design patterns in automating task-driven grammar refactoring, with a focus on how patterns can guide systematic transformations of grammars in software engineering. It introduces a pattern specification schema that includes context, problem, and solution descriptions, enabling structured modifications to grammar. The authors propose an approach that uses evolutionary algorithms to generate random refactoring operators, which are then applied... This paper examines the role of design patterns in automating task-driven grammar refactoring, with a focus on how patterns can guide systematic transformations of grammars in software engineering. It introduces a pattern specification schema that includes context, problem, and solution descriptions, enabling structured modifications to grammar. The authors propose an approach that uses evolutionary algorithms to generate random refactoring operators, which are then applied sequentially to evolve grammars toward a desired form. This method supports semi-automatic grammar recovery and adaptation by leveraging predefined transformation patterns. The work emphasizes the importance of preserving semantics during transformations and demonstrates how patterns contribute to modular and maintainable grammar refactoring processes. By integrating these patterns into automated systems, the approach enhances the efficiency and reliability of support for semi-automatic grammar recovery and adaptation, particularly in complex scenarios such as removing left recursion or adapting legacy grammars. Read More Read Less