Abstract The reasons for lightning strokes in circuits are mainly due to the overloading of metal-oxide surge arrestors. This process leads to the resistors-breakdown in surface discharges. Thus, the requirement in this stage to ensure more energy capacity which should be more than the energy loading. We in this work studied the protective operation and energy capacity of the metal-oxide surge... The reasons for lightning strokes in circuits are mainly due to the overloading of metal-oxide surge arrestors. This process leads to the resistors-breakdown in surface discharges. Thus, the requirement in this stage to ensure more energy capacity which should be more than the energy loading. We in this work studied the protective operation and energy capacity of the metal-oxide surge arrestors. The impact of different lighting strokes and thermal loading are considered in this work. The result of this study is the creation of new systems the more production of energy required. Read More Read Less

Abstract The energy production following strong system rules is required for supporting the energy balance. In the time of production, transport, transformation and consumption of energy the lows, methods and principles of technique are considered. In this paper, the authors have offered description of the energy system and the use of renewable energy system with the help of customized software.... The energy production following strong system rules is required for supporting the energy balance. In the time of production, transport, transformation and consumption of energy the lows, methods and principles of technique are considered. In this paper, the authors have offered description of the energy system and the use of renewable energy system with the help of customized software. Read More Read Less

Abstract This work has reviewed briefly the efficiency of LEDs which is dominating the global light systems. It is documented and experienced that the LED is the result of artificial lighting and not much efficient during the outdoor lighting. When we compare this technology, we can conclude that the High-Pressure Sodium Lamps are more powerful.... This work has reviewed briefly the efficiency of LEDs which is dominating the global light systems. It is documented and experienced that the LED is the result of artificial lighting and not much efficient during the outdoor lighting. When we compare this technology, we can conclude that the High-Pressure Sodium Lamps are more powerful. Read More Read Less