Abstract This paper presents an attempt to show the efficiency of some search engines in handling Arabic keywords. To achieve this, a comparison was made among the number of retrieved pages, retrieving time, and stability (in both the number of retrieved pages and the order for each retrieved page) for each of the 20 Arabic keywords selected (with its roots) after... This paper presents an attempt to show the efficiency of some search engines in handling Arabic keywords. To achieve this, a comparison was made among the number of retrieved pages, retrieving time, and stability (in both the number of retrieved pages and the order for each retrieved page) for each of the 20 Arabic keywords selected (with its roots) after being simultaneously entered to the selected four search engines. Search engines tested in this experiment were Google, Yahoo, Al-hoodhood and Ayna. Google was the best search engine among the four selected search engines according to the results obtained over 10 weeks of experimenting. Read More Read Less

Abstract Female students in real life have varying interests and hobbies and sometimes they are much different than males in terms of hobbies and behaviors. One of the main differences is their branch of study and undertaken course. Mostly male students are interested in engineering courses or branches, whereas females are interested in nursing, medicine or arts courses. Female students are... Female students in real life have varying interests and hobbies and sometimes they are much different than males in terms of hobbies and behaviors. One of the main differences is their branch of study and undertaken course. Mostly male students are interested in engineering courses or branches, whereas females are interested in nursing, medicine or arts courses. Female students are in minority in most of technical institutions in India and many infrastructural facilities and services are not targeted to them. For example, computer centers and some of laboratories are open till 12 midnight. Female students may not be able to use them because of their hostel rules; they are expected to be back in their rooms before 8PM due to security issues. To minimize difficulties arising out of such situations, institutions provide some computing and Internet facilities in their hostels, and in general these facilities are limited. Even though Internet facilitates minimizing geographical, social and cultural barriers, there are no brief studies on any significant impacts of these facilities on professional, social and personal pursuits of female students. Since, Internet provides an online life environment for users; we attempt to explore special behaviors of female students on Internet and the affects of these behaviors on their personal and professional life. This investigation is a deep study of female students’ and faculty members’/professors’ Internet usage behaviors in different periods of a semester. We attempt to analyze different affects of these behaviors on their personal, social and professional behaviors with the help of analyzing proxy server’s access log files, which were collected for the period of 30 months, of an engineering college in India. Read More Read Less

Abstract The higher educational system has undergone rapid changed in the last few years due to the web based learning process. Manystudies have address e-learning in different perspectives. This study aims to introduce Knowledge Tree (KT) as an integrated virtual structure to be used in the educational systems. A collaborative structure is utilized to define a universal curriculum for various university... The higher educational system has undergone rapid changed in the last few years due to the web based learning process. Manystudies have address e-learning in different perspectives. This study aims to introduce Knowledge Tree (KT) as an integrated virtual structure to be used in the educational systems. A collaborative structure is utilized to define a universal curriculum for various university majors worldwide to maximize e-learning capabilities. Further we introduce a collaborative competitive approach to enrich the contents of course topics offered based on the mentioned structure. We have documented that the results based on both educational facts fetched from the search engines and a questionnaire filled by a group of academics from different universities show that this system performs well in educational systems in terms of time, effort and cost. Read More Read Less

Abstract The web based electonic service over the years have scaled the technology to reach the sections of the society and Government. The enhanced Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) has proved to reduce the cost and at the same time ensure effective service to the society. There remains a concern that the use of web technology increases one’s risk to breach of... The web based electonic service over the years have scaled the technology to reach the sections of the society and Government. The enhanced Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) has proved to reduce the cost and at the same time ensure effective service to the society. There remains a concern that the use of web technology increases one’s risk to breach of privacy. A privacy breach, where information may be improperly released, can be catastrophic to an individual’s identify and to the government’s image of trust. This study reviewed that the critical web based defences designed by the government to fend off web attacks that may threaten the privacy of citizens when they use web enabled services. Hence to address this issue we have iniated discussion on strategies where users can deploy in order to ensure they protect their own privacy. Read More Read Less

Abstract Graphs particularly the data models based ones, have proved to make significant impact on many applications. Efficient query processing over graph databases serves these applications. Having a graph query q, super-graph query processing finds all the graphs g in a database of graphs D where g is contained in q (g q). Because graph databases contain a lot of graphs... Graphs particularly the data models based ones, have proved to make significant impact on many applications. Efficient query processing over graph databases serves these applications. Having a graph query q, super-graph query processing finds all the graphs g in a database of graphs D where g is contained in q (g q). Because graph databases contain a lot of graphs and because sub-graph isomorphic tests are NP-complete, an indexingbased technique should be adopted. Now through this study we advocate a system for an optimal supergraph query making. The technique consists of an index called eIndex and a query processing algorithm. Given a query graph, the database is filtered to generate candidate graphs. The elegance of the proposed querying lies in consideration the full structure of the database graphs besides considering the frequent fragments. Through polynomial time algorithms, the proposed technique reduces the subgraph isomorphism tests required for query processing and hence the total processing time is reduced. We have shown evidences for building eIndex which consumes comparatively less time and space than other methods. Read More Read Less