Abstract We have provided a detailed analysis of the high voltage pulses to understand the surge protection. We have applied a few metrics such as the frequency and occurrence probability of residual pulses with energy is explained. The probalistic terms based comparison of many protective devices is described in this work.’... We have provided a detailed analysis of the high voltage pulses to understand the surge protection. We have applied a few metrics such as the frequency and occurrence probability of residual pulses with energy is explained. The probalistic terms based comparison of many protective devices is described in this work.’ Read More Read Less

Abstract We in this work, have described the VoIP systems that use the PSTN and software. The interfaces in the voice protocols and the modules contained in them are tested. Besides, we have used the voice gateways to describe the process. The experimental trials and the results are presented.... We in this work, have described the VoIP systems that use the PSTN and software. The interfaces in the voice protocols and the modules contained in them are tested. Besides, we have used the voice gateways to describe the process. The experimental trials and the results are presented. Read More Read Less

Abstract In the Fiber-Wireless, the process of combining high bandwidth of optical fiber and wireless network mobility helps to form the hybrid concept. This process is required to implement the broadband fixed and mobile wireless access of the practical concept. In this work we made a survey of integration of optical and wireless networks which help to move to the evolution... In the Fiber-Wireless, the process of combining high bandwidth of optical fiber and wireless network mobility helps to form the hybrid concept. This process is required to implement the broadband fixed and mobile wireless access of the practical concept. In this work we made a survey of integration of optical and wireless networks which help to move to the evolution of fiber wireless access networks and the co-application of these two technologies. We have used the Radio-over- Fiber network approach for the Fiber wireless integration technologies. Read More Read Less