Abstract Graphs can represent any kind of data, as e.g. biology or chemistry, biological networks or chemical compounds. A graph database is a frequently used means to efficiently implementation of these data. With the increasing usage of graph databases, it has become more and more demanding to efficiently process graph queries. Querying graph databases is costly since it involves a test... Graphs can represent any kind of data, as e.g. biology or chemistry, biological networks or chemical compounds. A graph database is a frequently used means to efficiently implementation of these data. With the increasing usage of graph databases, it has become more and more demanding to efficiently process graph queries. Querying graph databases is costly since it involves a test of structure matching of graphs, which is an NP-complete problem. Thus, to improve the performance of querying, must be reduced the number of subgraph isomorphism tests. Therefore efficient methods have been proposed to avoid most of these tests but still allow to identify all graphs containing the query pattern. In this paper, we propose a novel indexing feature, called RAre subGraphs (RGs). The rare subgraphs are candidates occurs in only a small number of graphs in the database. Since discovering patterns is an important problem in data mining, to discover these substructures must have an efficient algorithm. Classics mining systems provide a restricted mechanism on patterns with frequency higher to a minimum support. A major challenge, there are no efficient algorithms for the extraction of the patterns with an exact frequency. For this, we have proposed an adaptation of gSpan to compute the set of subgraphs for a given frequency. By adopting this model, we can extract the rare substructures. Read More Read Less

Abstract Non classical logics were introduced to allow handling imperfect concepts in intelligent systems. One of the principal non classical logic is multi-valued logic that has the particularity to support symbolic data. We introduced in a previous work an approximate reasoning in the multi-valued framework based on linguistic modifiers that checks approximate reasoning axiomatics. This paper describes the development of software... Non classical logics were introduced to allow handling imperfect concepts in intelligent systems. One of the principal non classical logic is multi-valued logic that has the particularity to support symbolic data. We introduced in a previous work an approximate reasoning in the multi-valued framework based on linguistic modifiers that checks approximate reasoning axiomatics. This paper describes the development of software model for the treatment of imperfection with our approach of approximate reasoning. It is a knowledge-based systems shell for symbolic data called RAMOLI. This shell provides simple and interactive Graphical User Interface to introduce knowledge and to infer with our approximate reasoning. Read More Read Less

Abstract Three dimensional virtual worlds can be used to model authentic learning environments in which knowledge might be applied and evaluated on its context. To date, very few papers have reported the design, deployment and evaluation of a 3D virtual assessment environment. The aim of this paper is to report on participants’ attitudes toward assessment activities carried out in a 3D... Three dimensional virtual worlds can be used to model authentic learning environments in which knowledge might be applied and evaluated on its context. To date, very few papers have reported the design, deployment and evaluation of a 3D virtual assessment environment. The aim of this paper is to report on participants’ attitudes toward assessment activities carried out in a 3D virtual world representing a fiction novel. The results of this pilot study suggest that participants felt immerse and engaged in the learning environment and were able to perform required activities. The paper also reports human and technical difficulties that appeared during the design process and provides recommendations to overcome them. Read More Read Less

Abstract Humans we use five senses i.e. of touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing in order to perceive the world around us, but sight is the sense that we use most. Thus color is a powerful medium through which we view the world. Colors are also considered a significant part of our psychological and biological heritage. In this paper we will... Humans we use five senses i.e. of touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing in order to perceive the world around us, but sight is the sense that we use most. Thus color is a powerful medium through which we view the world. Colors are also considered a significant part of our psychological and biological heritage. In this paper we will study the color psychology w.r.t marketing based on survey of 27 mostly female Saudi respondents from different age groups. We will consider the impact of color on health and disease, reliability, cheap, high-quality and favourite color of the respondents for the items being marketed. We argue that a cultural perspective of color research and application is vital for developing an understanding of the emerging marketof young Saudis. Read More Read Less