Abstract Fixed transmitters need to be used for better communication systems for which the correct location of the receivers need to be identified. High frequency and good range of coverage is required to achieve it. In this work we have used the field strength calculation system. We have applied the line rasterization method for producing terrain profile and to avoid arctangent... Fixed transmitters need to be used for better communication systems for which the correct location of the receivers need to be identified. High frequency and good range of coverage is required to achieve it. In this work we have used the field strength calculation system. We have applied the line rasterization method for producing terrain profile and to avoid arctangent function for angle calculation. We have used regular grid for producing terrain profiles. We have measured the field strength in each point which can identify the optimal point. This system ensures to understand the grid resolution and improve the accuracy and effectiveness. This method allows to find the grid as a transparent raster layer. We have used visual techniques to find alternative location for the receivers. Read More Read Less

Abstract We in this work have introduced models for digital program amplifiers. We have used the operational amplifiers to simplify the techniques. The proposition ensures the input impedance, transfer function (amplifier gain in binary steps versus controlling digital code through SPI), small-signal frequency response, large-signal pulse response, output characteristic (voltage and current limitations) and output resistance. Using microchip, we have extracted... We in this work have introduced models for digital program amplifiers. We have used the operational amplifiers to simplify the techniques. The proposition ensures the input impedance, transfer function (amplifier gain in binary steps versus controlling digital code through SPI), small-signal frequency response, large-signal pulse response, output characteristic (voltage and current limitations) and output resistance. Using microchip, we have extracted the measures with one and two channels PGA. With the help of the structure and operation principles we have developed the circuits. The pGA based model have used the format of the simulation program system of the Mentor Graphics. The testing outcome confirm with the theoretical propositions. Read More Read Less

Abstract We have introduced the concurrent X fault simulator in this work. It is found that many issues are identified with the fault nature of X fault model and rules. The main issue is the problem of using bivalent logic for bad gates. We have fixed this issue by the use of trivalent logic and bit presentation. Another issue is the... We have introduced the concurrent X fault simulator in this work. It is found that many issues are identified with the fault nature of X fault model and rules. The main issue is the problem of using bivalent logic for bad gates. We have fixed this issue by the use of trivalent logic and bit presentation. Another issue is the particular fault propagation rules based one. One more issue is that Xfault version generation. We have solved the issue by a set of using a sub-gate for every bad gate. We have solved the issue of Xfault source line presentation with the use of binary arrays for source lines description. Read More Read Less