Abstract Over the past few years, emergence of Cloud Computing has notably made an evolution in the IT industry by putting forward a ‘everything as a service’ idea in which resources are provided as general utilities that can be leased and released by end users through the Internet in an on-demand mode. Cloud Computing is of growing interest to companies throughout... Over the past few years, emergence of Cloud Computing has notably made an evolution in the IT industry by putting forward a ‘everything as a service’ idea in which resources are provided as general utilities that can be leased and released by end users through the Internet in an on-demand mode. Cloud Computing is of growing interest to companies throughout the world, but there are many barriers associated with its adoption which should be eliminated. This paper aims to investigate Cloud Computing and discusses the drivers and inhibitors of its adoption. Moreover, an attempt has been made to identify the key stakeholders of Cloud Computing and outline the current security challenges. A SWOT analysis including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats has also carried out in which Cloud Computing adoption for SMEs is evaluated. Finally, the paper concludes with some further research areas in the field of Cloud Computing. Read More Read Less

Abstract E-Governance contributes to enhanced knowledge management, improves information-sharing and helps to create conditions for an open and transparent society based on trust and liability. E-Governance provides political, economic, social and cultural development through democratic, efficient and effective public service delivery. Institutional and economic limitations are the influencing factors for the speed of the adoption of e-Governance in the governments. The integration of... E-Governance contributes to enhanced knowledge management, improves information-sharing and helps to create conditions for an open and transparent society based on trust and liability. E-Governance provides political, economic, social and cultural development through democratic, efficient and effective public service delivery. Institutional and economic limitations are the influencing factors for the speed of the adoption of e-Governance in the governments. The integration of information communication technology (ICT) in governance processes has the major objective of transforming the relations between governments and their people, by improving the efficiency and accountability of governments and by allowing citizens to become dynamic stakeholders in the decision-making process. This paper focuses on the institutional and contextual determinants of e-Governance implementation and public participation as well as the role played by institutional components. E-Government includes the essential institutional arrangements and competence, and a set of policies, procedures and systems, and technical norms that will maintain implementation of the e-Government program, operations and management. Read More Read Less

Abstract This paper describes the first steps in the project of building a prototype of a free/open-source rule-based machine translation system that translates from English to Kazakh, which is based on the free/open-source Apertium machine translation platform. The choice of a free/open-source model is motivated by the objective of providing a free/open-source English to Kazakh system that could be used and... This paper describes the first steps in the project of building a prototype of a free/open-source rule-based machine translation system that translates from English to Kazakh, which is based on the free/open-source Apertium machine translation platform. The choice of a free/open-source model is motivated by the objective of providing a free/open-source English to Kazakh system that could be used and modified by anyone interested, and uses, unlike other systems available for this language pair, a well-documented rule- and dictionary-based translation procedure. After a survey of the first problems of English -Kazakh translation tackled, a description follows of: (a) the Apertium platform and the use of the Helsinki finitestate toolkit to model Kazakh morphology, (b) the methodology and the initial resources used to build the linguistic data needed (English and Kazakh monolingual dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, structural transfer rules), (c) the current status of the resulting system, (d) its availability as free/open-source software, (e) a list of immediate steps to take, and (f) a description of long-term development planned, which includes the use of the system in computer-aided and interactive translation environments for professional translators. A preliminary comparison to two existing commercial English–Kazakh systems, using examples covering the linguistic phenomena for which structural transfer rules have been written (processing of short noun phrases, verb phrases and adpositional phrases) is also provided; the comparison shows that a principled rulebased approach may be expected to easily improve the results of existing commercial systems for English-Kazakh and motivates the effort for future development. The goal of this article is to examine a grammatical and lexical problems, which we often face while translating English texts, and not giving any detailed statement of grammatical or lexical pheno-menon. Apertium platform translates many different languages and it uses Hidden Markov Models. This article shows description of machine translation which translates English to Kazakh. Read More Read Less